Download Download PDF. Translate PDF. Oaths were used as an institutional instrument within the Young Turk organizations and subsequently during the National Struggle period. While oaths were shaped by the values and facts of the political actors, they gave direction to their ideals in the evolution process of the rule from person to institution, institution to regime, and empire to nation state.
Used by almost every political actor and following a parallel path with the development and change of the Ottoman-Turkish political life, oaths had been an important political instrument. In this specific oath, loyalty to the Sultan had priority over loyalty to the homeland and compliance with the constitution—the oath wherein the Sultan declares his loyalty to the constitution or the regime was not included in Kanun-i Esasi.
This weakness in the constitution vis-a-vis oaths stemmed from the fact that the commission which prepared the constitution was appointed by the Sultan. Even the declaration of the Meclis-i Ayan despite being an institution born by the new regime, albeit appointed house of the parliament revealed that the idea of constitutionalism had not fully penetrated the Ottoman political life yet.
The Young Turks, the opposition movement that emerged during the suppression regime, which started with the suspension of the constitutional regime by Sultan II. The leader of this movement, the Committee of Union and Progress CUP continued to use oaths to sustain the existence of the regime even after the restoration of the constitutional monarchy in , due to its lack of social base. After the Committee had come to power, transitioning into a political party, oaths lost their importance within the organization.
In addition, the regulations ensured that the Sultan took an official oath to obey the constitution and to be loyal to the homeland. The extraordinary conditions of the National Struggle period were reflected in the oaths of the Istanbul administration based on personal sovereignty and the Ankara administration based on national sovereignty with different contents, goals, and political ideals.
The developments had effects on the oaths taken by the members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly as well. VI, S. Zira Robert Devereux, The First Ottoman …, s. Hatta II. MMZC, C. XXVI, S. I, İstanbul, Remzi Kitabevi, , s.
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