Pressing issues that require immediate attention from governments are also highlighted in this edition. The content of this edition of the IDF Diabetes Atlas is based on five key messages: The diabetes epidemic is here and threatens to overwhelm health systems if left unchecked. The majority of type 2 diabetes cases can be prevented — prevention costs governments far less than treating diabetes and its complications. The IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th edition reports a continued global increase in diabetes prevalence, confirming diabetes as a significant global challenge to the health and well-being of individuals, families and societies.
View all the latest national and regional data in our data portal. Diabetes is spiralling out of control 1 in 10 adults are living with diabetes. Almost half are undiagnosed. Diabetes hits the poorest hardest Over 3 in 4 people with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries.
Diabetes around the world in North America and Caribbean 51 million. South and Central America 32 million. Since then, D-NET has grown into an online network of more than 11, members. D-NET provides its members with regular discussions led by international experts, an interactive library and a global event calendar.
KiDS is an educational programme designed for school staff, school students and parents. An app in eight languages is also available for tablet computers. Currently, more than 33 countries are engaged with the KiDS project. Guideline recommendations define standards for care and use evidence-based interventions to achieve those standards in order to guide health professionals, people affected by diabetes, policy-makers and administrators.
IDF guidelines and position statements have been prepared to assist countries, organisations and individuals who wish to develop their own national and regional guidelines, and to draw on the experience of experts in each of the IDF Regions. After identifying common ground in terms of type 2 diabetes diagnosis, management, goal-setting and different levels of prevention, their work resulted in IDF Clinical Practice Recommendations for Managing Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care.
Approximately 78 practical and applicable recommendations are offered for PCPs and their healthcare teams covering all the fields of diabetes management. The main aims of the guidelines are to promote early detection and intervention; provide the criteria for time- adequate referral to second or third level centres; and serve as a tool to educate people with diabetes about the importance of prevention of this pathology. The Pocketbook for Management of Diabetes in Childhood and Adolescence in Under-resourced Countries provides basic background on diabetes in children and clear advice for initial management of diabetic ketoacidosis, initiation of maintenance insulin therapy, complications screening and other key components of care.
The IDF-DAR Practical Guidelines provide healthcare professionals with relevant background information and practical recommendations to enable them to help people with diabetes participate in fasting during Ramadan while minimising the risk of complications.
The guide encourages and facilitates good diabetes management, early diagnosis and treatment of diabetic eye disease, and encourages integration and cooperation across the health system. The Diabetes eye health primary audience for this document is the broad suite of health professionals who work A guide for health with people with diabetes.
Now is the Time to Learn More about Gestational Diabetes This brochure is an educational manual with advice for the pregnant woman on having a healthy baby. It was piloted in seven urban and rural collaborating health centres in Tamil Nadu State South India , from June to December Evidence on actionable solutions is also included to inform policy development.
The aim is to translate evidence-based approaches from the first round of BRIDGES to other contexts and countries to improve the lives of people living with diabetes. In many countries, lack of access to affordable insulin and care remains in emergency situation a key impediment to successful treatment and results in complications, morbidity and early death. IDF works with governments and non- governmental organizations to improve the situation.
IDF Life for a Child IDF Life for a Child was set up in to provide sufficient insulin and syringes, blood glucose monitoring equipment, appropriate clinical care and diabetes education for children living with diabetes, together with technical support for health professionals.
Life for a Child currently helps over 18, children and young people living with diabetes in 42 countries. The focus of Life for a Child extends beyond keeping children and young adults alive by improving clinical outcomes and quality of life. A wide range of initiatives have been developed in patient and family education, health professional training, mentoring and relevant clinical research.
Governments, in collaboration with the private sector, should take leadership in including efficient procurement and distribution of medicines in countries, establishment or the provision of viable financing options, generic promotion policies and the development and use of evidence based guidelines for the treatment of diabetes.
Improved procurement and distribution practices are also critically needed. The report introduces diabetes and related medicines; and provides an assessment of availability, accessibility and pricing of medicines and supplies from around the world. It was concluded that country-level initiatives and international initiatives can improve health systems and complement the governmental efforts to implement high-impact, affordable interventions to provide access to insulin and diabetes medicine and supplies.
The Access to Medicines and Supplies for People with Diabetes is calling for all parties in the public and private sector to come together and develop sustainable strategies to reduce price of medicine, improve education, improve evidence, improve availability, invest in health systems and health insurance schemes. The age- The study of the occurrence, distribution and patterns of adjusted comparative prevalence in the IDF Diabetes Atlas disease in large populations, including factors that influence has been calculated by assuming that every country and disease and the application of this knowledge to improve region has the same age profile the age profile of the world public health.
This reduces the effect of the differences of age between countries and regions, and G makes this estimate appropriate for making comparisons. G7 The comparative prevalence estimate should not be used for A governmental political forum that currently includes calculating the number of people within a country or region Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, who have diabetes.
See Chapter 2 for more details. United States and the European Union. B G20 The G20 is an international forum for the governments and Beta cells central bank governors from 20 major economies: Argentina, Beta cells are found in the pancreas that produce, store and Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, release insulin. Cardiovascular disease CVD Gestational diabetes mellitus GDM Diseases and injuries of the circulatory system: the heart, the Hyperglycaemia high blood glucose level that is first blood vessels of the heart and the system of blood vessels detected during pregnancy is classified as either gestational throughout the body and to and in the brain.
Generally refers diabetes mellitus GDM or diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. Women with slightly elevated blood glucose levels are Comparative prevalence classified as having GDM and women with substantially See Age-adjusted comparative prevalence. See Chapter 1 for more details. D Glucagon Diabetes complications A hormone produced in the pancreas.
If blood glucose levels Acute and chronic conditions caused by diabetes. DKA , hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar syndrome HHS , Glucose hyperglycaemic diabetic coma, seizures or loss of Also called dextrose or blood sugar.
The main sugar the consciousness and infections. Chronic microvascular body produces to store energy from proteins, fats and complications include retinopathy eye disease , nephropathy carbohydrates. Glucose is the major source of energy kidney disease , neuropathy nerve disease and periodontitis for living cells and is carried to each cell through the inflammation of the tissue surrounding the tooth , whereas bloodstream.
However, the cells cannot use glucose without chronic macrovascular complications are cardiovascular the help of insulin. See Chapter 5 for more details. A form of glucose that is used for storing energy in the liver and muscles. If blood glucose levels decrease, the hormone Diabetes mellitus glucagon triggers the body to convert glycogen to glucose A condition that arises when the pancreas does not produce and release it into the blood stream.
See Chapter 1 for more enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use details. The three most common forms of diabetes are: type 1, type 2, and gestational. Glycosylated haemoglobin A1c HbA1c Haemoglobin to which glucose is bound. Glycosylated Diabetic foot haemoglobin is tested to determine the average level of blood A foot that exhibits any disease that results directly from glucose over the past two to three months.
Conversions from local currencies to products produced by foreign-owned enterprises. L H Liver A vital organ located below the diaphragm. It has a wide High income country range of functions, including storing glucose as glycogen A country defined by the World Bank to have a gross national when triggered by insulin, and releasing glucose into the income per capita of USD 12, or more in Hyperglycaemia Low income country A raised level of glucose in the blood.
It occurs when the body A country defined by the World Bank to have a gross national does not have enough insulin or cannot use the insulin it does income per capita of USD 1, or less in Signs of hyperglycaemia include great thirst, dry mouth and need to urinate often.
M Hypoglycaemia Middle income country A lowered level of glucose in the blood. This occurs when a A country defined by the World Bank to have a gross national person with diabetes has injected too much insulin, eaten too income per capita of more than USD 1, and less than USD little food, or has exercised without extra food.
A person with 12, in Monogenic diabetes A less common type of diabetes, which arises as a result of a I genetic mutation. Impaired fasting glucose IFG Blood glucose that is higher than normal blood glucose, N but below the diagnostic threshold for diabetes after fasting typically after an overnight fast. See Chapter 1 for more National prevalence details. It is appropriate for assessing the burden of Impaired glucose tolerance IGT diabetes for each country. Blood glucose that is higher than normal blood glucose, but below the diagnostic threshold for diabetes after ingesting a Nephropathy standard amount of glucose during an oral glucose tolerance Damage, disease, or dysfunction of the kidney, which can test.
Incidence Neuropathy The number of new cases of a disease among a certain Damage, disease, or dysfunction of the peripheral nerves, group of people for a certain period of time. For example, the which can cause numbness or weakness. P Pancreas Insulin An organ situated behind the stomach, which produces A hormone produced in the pancreas. If blood glucose levels several important hormones, including insulin and glucagon. See Also known as gum disease. Inflammatory diseases that Chapter 1 for more details.
For example, the proportion of adults aged with diabetes in Prevalence is a proportion or number and not a rate. R R from health expenditure estimates The diabetes cost ratio, which is the ratio of health expenditures for persons with diabetes to health expenditures for age- and sex-matched persons who do not have diabetes.
By comparing the total costs of matched persons with and without diabetes, the costs that diabetes causes can be isolated. Raw prevalence Also called country, national or regional prevalence. It is appropriate for assessing the impact of diabetes for each country or region. It is appropriate for assessing the burden of diabetes for each region.
Retinopathy A disease of the retina of the eye, which may cause visual impairment and blindness. S Secondary diabetes A less common type of diabetes, which arises as a complication of other diseases e. Stroke A sudden loss of function in part of the brain as a result of the interruption of its blood supply by a blocked or burst artery.
T Type 1 diabetes People with type 1 diabetes cannot produce insulin. The disease can affect people of any age, but onset usually occurs in children or young adults. Type 2 diabetes People with type 2 diabetes cannot use insulin to turn glucose into energy. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is much more common than type 1, and occurs mainly in adults although it is now also increasingly found in children and young adults.
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